沥青路面的再生技术，是将旧沥青路面经过翻挖、回收、破碎、筛分后，与再生剂、新沥青材料、新集料等按一定比例重新拌和混合料，使之能够满足一定的路用性能并用其重新铺筑路面的一套工艺技术。目前我国的公路建设飞速发展，每年投资规模已经超过2000亿元。在90年代以后陆续建成的高速公路已进入大、中修期，大量的翻挖、铣刨沥青混合料被废弃，一方面造成环境污染，另一方面对于我国这种沥青极为匮乏来说是一种资源的浪费，而且大量的使用新石料，开采石矿会导致森林植被减少，水土流失等严重的生态环境破坏。按照沥青的设计寿命（15－20年），从现在起，每年有12%的沥青路面需要翻修，旧沥青废弃量将达到每年220万吨之巨，如能加以利用，每年可节省材料费3.5亿人民币，而这个数字是以每年15%的速度增长的。10年以后，沥青路面的大、中修产生的旧沥青混合料将达到1000万吨，届时通过再生利用每年可节约材料费15亿元。否则这些为数巨大的沥青混凝土层翻挖后只能白白的废弃掉，不仅浪费了资源，也会对环境造成严重的污染。因此，沥青再生技术的研究、推广和相关专用设备的开发，对降低建设成本、保护生态环境以及对我们的公路建设都有极大的意义，随着我国高等级沥青路面维修养护量不断增加，对沥青路面再生技术有必要加强理论研究，开发合适的再生剂和机械设备，为再生旧料在实际工程中的大量应用奠定基础。

The recycling technology for asphalt pavement involves a set of processes that involve digging up, recycling, crushing, and screening old asphalt pavement, and then mixing it with recycling agents, new asphalt materials, and new aggregates in a certain proportion to form a mixture that meets certain road performance requirements. This mixture is then used to repave the road. Currently, China's highway construction is developing rapidly, with an annual investment scale exceeding 200 billion yuan. The expressways built since the 1990s have entered the period of major and medium maintenance, and a large amount of excavated and milled asphalt mixture is discarded. On the one hand, this causes environmental pollution. On the other hand, for a country like China, which is extremely short of high-quality asphalt, this is a waste of resources. Furthermore, the extensive use of new stones and the mining of stone quarries lead to serious ecological environment damage such as forest vegetation reduction and soil erosion. According to the design life of asphalt (15-20 years), from now on, 12% of the asphalt pavement needs to be renovated every year, and the amount of discarded old asphalt will reach a huge 2.2 million tons per year. If it can be utilized, the annual material cost can be saved by 350 million yuan, and this figure is growing at a rate of 15% per year. In 10 years, the amount of old asphalt mixture generated from major and medium maintenance of asphalt pavement will reach 10 million tons. By recycling, the annual material cost can be saved by 1.5 billion yuan. Otherwise, these huge amounts of asphalt concrete layers will be discarded after being excavated, which not only wastes resources but also causes serious environmental pollution. Therefore, the research, promotion, and development of dedicated equipment for asphalt recycling technology are of great significance for reducing construction costs, protecting the ecological environment, and promoting highway construction in our country. With the continuous increase in the maintenance and repair of high-grade asphalt pavement in China, it is necessary to strengthen theoretical research on asphalt pavement recycling technology, develop suitable recycling agents and mechanical equipment, and lay the foundation for the large-scale application of recycled old materials in practical engineering.

1 国内外研究概况

　　国外对沥青路面再生利用研究，早期从1915年在美国开始的，但由于以后大规模的公路建设而忽视了对该技术的研究。1973年石油危机爆发后美国对这项技术才引起重视，并在全国范围内进行广泛研究，到八十年代末美国再生沥青混合料的用量几乎为全部路用沥青混合料的一半，并且在再生剂开发、再生混合料的设计、施工设备等方面的研究也日趋深入。沥青路面的再生利用在美国已是常规实践，目前其重复利用率高达80％。

1. Overview of Research at Home and AbroadThe research on the recycling and reuse of asphalt pavement began in the United States in 1915, but due to the subsequent large-scale construction of roads, the research on this technology was neglected. After the outbreak of the oil crisis in 1973, the United States began to pay attention to this technology and conducted extensive research nationwide. By the end of the 1980s, the amount of recycled asphalt mixture used in the United States was almost half of all road asphalt mixture, and research in the development of recycling agents, design of recycled mixtures, construction equipment, and other aspects has become increasingly in-depth. The recycling and reuse of asphalt pavement has become a routine practice in the United States, with a current reuse rate as high as 80%.

西欧也十分重视这项技术，联邦德国是早将再生料应用于高速公路路面养护的，1978年就将全部废弃沥青路面材料加以回收利用。芬兰几乎所有的城镇都组织旧路面材料的收集和储存工作。法国现在也已开始在高速公路和一些重交通道路的路面修复工程中推广应用这项技术。

Western European countries also attach great importance to this technology. The Federal Republic of Germany was the first country to apply recycled materials to the maintenance of highway pavements, recycling all discarded asphalt pavement materials in 1978. Almost all towns and cities in Finland organize the collection and storage of old pavement materials. France has also begun to promote the application of this technology in pavement repair projects for highways and some heavy traffic roads.

2 旧沥青路面材料的性能

　　沥青混凝土路面使用粘结力较强的沥青材料作结合料，大大增强了矿料间的粘结力，提高了混合料的强度和稳定性，使路面的使用质量和耐久性得到提高。沥青混凝土路面具有表面平整、不渗水、行车舒适、噪音小等优点，因而获得越来越广泛的应用。但它也经常受到天气、温度、行车以及材料等方面的影响，以及路面结构设计等方面的原因，不可避免地会出现各种各样的病害，而这些病害又对行车速度、路面使用寿命、乘客舒适性以及交通等带来了有害的影响。

2. Performance of old asphalt pavement materialsAsphalt concrete pavement uses asphalt materials with strong bonding strength as binder, greatly enhancing the bonding strength between mineral aggregates, improving the strength and stability of the mixture, and enhancing the quality and durability of the pavement. Asphalt concrete pavement has the advantages of smooth surface, impermeability, comfortable driving, low noise, etc., and thus has been widely used. However, it is often affected by weather, temperature, traffic, materials, and other factors, as well as pavement structure design, inevitably leading to various defects. These defects have harmful effects on driving speed, pavement service life, passenger comfort, and traffic safety.

沥青路面老化主要是沥青的老化和骨料的细化。沥青路面在车轮荷载作用下，承受着压应力，剪应力和拉应力等，同时沥青路面长期暴露于大自然，会受到各种自然因素如氧、阳光、温度、水、风等的作用，致使混合料中的沥青、骨料的性能发生物理、化学变化，并终表现为沥青混合料使用品质下降。沥青混凝土路面的损坏总体可分为两大类，一类为结构性损坏，包括路面结构整体或其中某一部分的破坏，使路面不能支承预定的荷载；另一类为功能性损坏，它可能不伴随结构性损坏而发生，但由于平整度和抗滑性能等的下降，使其不再具有预定的功能，从而影响了行车质量。

The aging of asphalt pavement primarily involves the aging of asphalt and the refinement of aggregates. Under the action of wheel loads, asphalt pavement bears compressive stress, shear stress, and tensile stress. Simultaneously, when exposed to nature for extended periods, asphalt pavement is subjected to various natural factors such as oxygen, sunlight, temperature, water, and wind. These factors induce physical and chemical changes in the properties of asphalt and aggregates within the mixture, ultimately leading to a decline in the performance quality of the asphalt mixture. The overall damage to asphalt concrete pavement can be broadly categorized into two types. One type is structural damage, which involves the destruction of the entire pavement structure or a specific part of it, rendering the pavement incapable of supporting the predetermined load. The other type is functional damage, which may occur without accompanying structural damage. However, due to the deterioration of flatness and skid resistance, it no longer performs its intended function, thereby affecting the quality of driving.

3 沥青路面再生施工方法

　　再生沥青路面的施工按温度可分为热法施工和冷法施工。热法施工按施工工艺又可分为现场热再生法和厂拌热再生法。

3. Construction Methods for Asphalt Pavement RecyclingThe construction of recycled asphalt pavement can be divided into hot and cold methods based on temperature. The hot method can further be categorized into on-site hot recycling and plant-mix hot recycling based on the construction process.