改良土用到哪些设备？

What equipment is used for soil improvement?

一、破碎筛分设备

1、 Crushing and screening equipment

破碎筛分设备是改良土的基础装备，常见的有颚式破碎机、圆锥破碎机、振动筛等。颚式破碎机通过动颚与定颚的相互挤压，将大块土壤破碎成较小颗粒；圆锥破碎机则利用动锥和定锥的相对运动，对土壤进行进一步破碎。振动筛通过高频振动，将破碎后的土壤按粒径大小进行分级筛选，确保土壤颗粒符合改良要求。在道路基层施工中，破碎筛分设备将开采的天然土处理成合适粒径的土壤原料，为后续改良工序提供基础材料。

Crushing and screening equipment is the basic equipment for improving soil, commonly including jaw crushers, cone crushers, vibrating screens, etc. The jaw crusher crushes large pieces of soil into smaller particles through the mutual compression between the moving jaw and the fixed jaw; The cone crusher utilizes the relative motion between the moving cone and the fixed cone to further crush the soil. The vibrating screen uses high-frequency vibration to classify and screen the broken soil according to particle size, ensuring that the soil particles meet the improvement requirements. In the construction of road subgrade, the crushing and screening equipment processes the extracted natural soil into suitable particle size soil raw materials, providing high-quality foundation materials for subsequent improvement processes.

二、搅拌混合设备

2、 Mixing equipment

搅拌混合设备是实现化学改良和物理均匀化的核心设备，如双轴搅拌机、单轴搅拌机、强制式搅拌机等。双轴搅拌机通过两根搅拌轴上的叶片旋转，将土壤与化学改良剂充分搅拌混合，适用于大面积的土壤改良工程；强制式搅拌机则通过高速旋转的搅拌叶片，对物料进行强烈搅拌，混合效率高、均匀性好，常用于对混合质量要求较高的工程。在水利工程的堤坝建设中，搅拌混合设备将水泥、土壤等均匀混合，形成高强度的改良土，增强堤坝的稳定性和防渗性。

Mixing equipment is the core equipment for achieving chemical improvement and physical homogenization, such as double axis mixers, single axis mixers, forced mixers, etc. The dual axis mixer rotates the blades on two mixing shafts to thoroughly mix soil and chemical amendments, making it suitable for large-scale soil improvement projects; A forced mixer uses high-speed rotating mixing blades to vigorously stir materials, resulting in high mixing efficiency and good uniformity. It is commonly used in projects that require high mixing quality. In the construction of dams in hydraulic engineering, mixing equipment uniformly mixes cement, soil, etc. to form high-strength improved soil, enhancing the stability and impermeability of dams.、

三、压实设备

3、 Compaction equipment

压实设备通过机械作用力提高土壤的密实度，常见的有压路机、夯实机等。压路机利用自身重量和振动功能，对土壤进行碾压，使土壤颗粒相互靠近，减少孔隙率；夯实机则通过冲击作用，将土壤夯实。在铁路路基施工中，压实设备将改良后的土壤压实规定的密实度，确保路基能够承受列车的荷载，减少路基沉降。

Compaction equipment improves the compactness of soil through mechanical force, commonly including rollers, compactors, etc. The roller uses its own weight and vibration function to compact the soil, bringing soil particles closer to each other and reducing porosity; The compactor uses impact to compact the soil. In railway subgrade construction, compaction equipment compacts the improved soil to the specified density, ensuring that the subgrade can withstand the load of trains and reduce subgrade settlement.

四、喷洒设备

4、 Spray equipment

喷洒设备主要用于化学改良剂的添加，如洒水车改装的喷洒车、专用的雾炮机等。这些设备能够将化学改良剂以均匀的雾状喷洒到土壤表面或与土壤混合过程中，保证改良剂的均匀分布。在盐碱地改良工程中，喷洒设备将酸性改良剂均匀喷洒在盐碱土壤表面，中和土壤碱性，改善土壤的酸碱度。

Spray equipment is mainly used for adding chemical amendments, such as spray trucks modified from sprinkler trucks, specialized fog cannon machines, etc. These devices are capable of spraying chemical amendments in a uniform mist onto the soil surface or during the mixing process with the soil, ensuring the uniform distribution of the amendments. In the improvement project of saline alkali land, the spraying equipment evenly sprays acidic amendments on the surface of saline alkali soil, neutralizes soil alkalinity, and improves soil acidity.

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